Standing On The Moon, Where Talk Is Cheap And Vision True (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia - "Standing On The Moon")

           Maybe it’s me, but I think that elected officials should only use social media when they are being “social”. Using social media to introduce a new policy, to emote, gloat, complain, chastise,  intimidate, slander, fire, or make public pronouncements without the scrutiny of the non-fake, non-conspiracy-oriented news media places too much emphasis on the “media” and not enough emphasis on the “social”.  If an elected official would like to use social media to be “social”, to show us social aspects of his/her life, funny incidents that occurred, a cute family picture with greater emphasis upon the “social” of “social media” then,  by all means, use social media. With a greater emphasis upon the “social”, the elected official appears like the rest of us, more approachable and ordinary.  With a greater emphasis upon “Media”, the elected official creates a more toxic and dangerous way to govern and a more toxic and dangerous way to exercise authority. By placing a greater emphasis upon the “Media” and not the “Social” the elected official demeans the office,  violates the public trust, corrupts the nature of being a public service, and indicates a shortcoming in character and public discourse.

This week’s Torah portion is VaYigash.  The confrontation between Yosef and his brothers is about to occur. The Parshah begins with Yehudah approaching his brother Yosef, whom he does not recognize, and pleads for Benjamin’s freedom.  Yosef reveals his identity, and the brothers hug and kiss each other. They cry and they forgive each other. Yosef asks about his father’s welfare. The brothers return to their father, Yaakov, and tell him that Yosef is alive. The brothers add that everyone, the entire clan, should go down to Egypt. So this clan, including Jacob, the brothers, their wives, and children, heads down to Egypt. Yaakov meets Pharaoh. Yosef’s family is given a parcel of land outside of Egypt in a place called Goshen, where they can tend to their flocks. Yaakov is reunited with his beloved Yosef in the land of Goshen.

For the ChaZaL, the Talmudic Sages of Blessed Memory,  the confrontation between Yosef, the second most powerful man in Egypt, and Yehudah, the leader of Yaakov’s sons; represents something much more than just two brothers meeting up after a couple of decades. For ChaZaL, the word VaYiGaSh refers to Yehudah girding himself for war. Remember, Yehudah does not yet know the identity of the man standing before him. For all Yehudah knows, this man, who looks Egyptian, dresses Egyptian, and speaks Egyptian embodies the most powerful empire and the most dominant culture in the world. However, according to the Or HaChayim, the 18th-century Morrocan commentator, suggests that “girding for war” is not the plain meaning of the word VaYiGaSh. Rather the Or HaChayim explains that if Yehudah was “girding himself for war” then he would not have spoken so respectfully and politely to Yosef: Bi Adoni “if it pleases my lord”. Nor would Yehudah be concerned with publicly antagonizing Yosef’s anger. Instead, Yehuda directly approaches Egypt’s Second Command,  bypassing his guards and advisors, and manages to speak quietly and privately into the minister’s ear. Make no mistake, when Yehudah tells the minister that Pharoah’s Second in Command is just like Pharaoh, it is meant as an indictment and insult. Indeed, Yehuda speaks truth to power; he does so in a whisper, privately, without causing embarrassment to the second most powerful man in the Egyptian empire. Yehudah’s approached Yosef so as not to publicly embarrass or anger him for several reasons. First, he felt a deep sense of responsibility for his brother Benjamin. Second, he felt a deep sense of responsibility and commitment to his father.  So Yehuda felt obligated and compelled to approach Yosef, however, he could not approach in a meek subservient manner. Third, he felt a deep sense of respect for the power and authority of the man standing before him and what that man represented.  As a result, Yehudah had to project the perfect blend of strength and humility. He had to speak politely yet forcefully. Most of all he had to make sure that he wouldn’t embarrass the second most powerful man in the Egyptian empire. Only after this confrontation was Yosef able to reveal himself, and his character to the brothers.  Only then could he reveal the fact that he had no desire for retribution, no animosity but rather only joy, relief, and concern.

Character, both individual and national manifests in a myriad of ways. In today’s day and age,  Character is routinely revealed in the public discourse on social media. However, more often than not, we learn more about the character of the person that posts, than the subject matter or the person about whom the poster posts. Indeed, the tension and the confrontation between Yehuda and Yosef, as perceived by the Sages to demonstrate the mystical tension between Israel and Egypt. This tension quickly dissipated once Yosef revealed his identity. Only by revealing his identity and making himself vulnerable; was Joseph able to show the content of his character, the contentment in his soul rather than a desire for retribution. Yehuda confronted Yosef, prior to announcing his identity, in a private quiet manner. Yosef revealed his identity to his brothers only when they were alone. Imagine what social discourse, cancel culture and public shaming would look like if Yehuda was more publicly demonstrative and putting greater emphasis upon the ”social” instead of the “media”.

Peace,

Rav Yitz

Learn To Speak, Speak With Wisdom Like A Child Directly To The Heart (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia - "Foolish Heart")

          The Jewish people concluded the eight days of Chanukah this week. Halacha (Jewish Law) instructs that each household must light a Chanukiya. However, if there is a desire to Hadur Mitzvah (beautify the commandment), each person may light his/her own Chanukiyah. In our home, we have the “house” Chanukiya that I light and our children have their own.  When each child leaves for their gap year, university, or to live and work in another city, they take their Chanukiya with them.  Because of the pandemic,  three of our four children happen to be home for Chanukkah.  As a result,  our family has lit at least three Chanukiyot on each of the eight nights. On the last night of Chanukkah, when three Chanukiyot were lit, the most spiritual light glowed in our window. I looked at my wife, I looked at my children, our eighteen-year-old daughter in Israel joined us through Whatsapp, and I truly felt blessed.  As I looked at my eldest daughter. I didn’t look at her remembering a little girl. Instead, I saw a thirty-year-old woman who is incredibly accomplished, well respected in her career,  and sought after for her advice and ability by those who seek public office. Through that powerful Chanukkah light, I saw a thirty-year-old woman who has already accomplished so much. 

          This week’s Parsha is Mikeitz. This is Yosef’s coming out party. He is released from prison in order to interpret Pharaoh’s dreams. First, he informs Pharaoh that God has given him the gift of interpretation,  and then he successfully interprets the two dreams. Pharaoh is so impressed, and so trusting of Yosef, that he makes Yosef his right-hand man. Yosef becomes responsible for preparing Egypt for the famine that will occur. When the famine strikes Egypt,  neighboring lands are affected, including Canaan and Yosef’s family. Seeking relief from the famine, Yosef's brothers go down to Egypt. Yosef recognizes them, but he does not reveal his identity. Rather, he tests their moral growth; he purposefully frames the youngest brother, Benjamin.  Yosef wants to determine whether the brothers are capable of protecting one of their own.

          Throughout the Parsha, Yosef embodies two personas. There is the Yosef that we know: son of Yaakov, despised by his brothers and wise beyond his years having experienced and learned from life’s’ ups and downs. Yosef also has a public/professional persona in which people seek out his advice and insight. It began in Potifar’s home when he improved the household finances. Yosef's professional development and expertise continued in prison when he successfully interpreted dreams.  Recalling his own experience with Yosef's interpreting dreams, the wine steward recommends Yosef to Pharaoh in order to interpret Pharaoh’s dream. Yosef interprets the dream correctly. Ultimately, Pharaoh makes Yosef his second in command. Yosef is given the responsibility to save Egypt from the impending famine. The people have given him the title “Avrech”. The Talmudic Midrash explains that AvRech is derived from two words: Av (father) in wisdom and Rach (tender) in terms of years. Indeed several verses later (41:46), the Torah tells us: V’Yosef Ben Shloshim Shanah– Now Joseph was thirty years old. The Egyptian empire, its economy, and national security were in the hands of a thirty-year-old!. There are not many 30-year-olds who become the second most powerful person in the most powerful nation. Yosef’s numerous life experiences and his ability to learn from those ups and downs,  and his ability to express himself to Pharaoh suggests that Yosef had become an “old soul”,  a great reservoir of wisdom, worthy of the name “AvRech”. 

          As we read how Yosef is regarded by Pharaoh and the Egyptian people, we understand that Yosef is no longer the arrogant 17-year old hated by his brothers. He has suffered the consequences for mistakes he has made.  He also has suffered as a victim of unfortunate circumstances.  As Yosef grew up and matured; he learned how to listen to people: wealthy officials of the state, convicted felons warden’s, and of course Pharoah. Indeed, Yosef has a gift beyond the ability to interpret dreams. Yosef’s experiences have left him humble and approachable with the ability to connect to all types of people from all walks of life. The reader has been afforded the opportunity to watch this teenager grow up into this incredibly polished and powerful man. Yes, looking at our thirty-year-old daughter in the Chanukkah candlelight, it dawned on me that I have been blessed to watch her grow up into the incredibly polished strong young woman that is highly regarded by her friends, colleagues, and mentors.  For our three younger children who are only now embarking on their path, our hope is that whatever career path they choose,  they will work hard,  become a credit to their profession, and enjoy the same Shem Tov (good name/reputation) that their sister has achieved. 

Peace,
Rav Yitz 

But You'll Never Find Another Honest Man (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia- "Loser")

           I can tell my kids are growing up or are already grown up. No, I am not speaking in terms of age, nor am I speaking in terms of their physical development. I am speaking about their analytical development and appreciation of small details and finer points. One of the things I love to do with my kids and something my father did with me, especially when watching a sporting event, is to determine “turning points”. There may be only one turning point, there may be more. Rarely does something progress in a straight upward slope. Sometimes there is an ebb and flow, more momentum or less momentum, headwinds or tailwinds. Several weeks ago, my son and I watch our favorite college football team play against the then number 1 ranked college team. With our team 91 yards away from the tying touchdown and only 1:48 left in regulation and two-time outs,  I asked my son to see if he could focus upon the key play, the smallest detail,  the key block, the key fake or turning point that either permitted our team to tie the game or lose. As we watched those final 1:48 seconds, I watched my son appreciate the smallest details that allowed our team to successfully move down the field in 1:26 seconds and tied the game in regulation, and ultimately win it in double overtime.     

      

  This Shabbat we read from Parsha VaYeishev. The focus of the narrative now shifts from Yaakov (aka. Israel) to his most beloved son Yosef. Contextually, Yaakov is at a point in his life where he has finished his spiritual and personal struggles. He now is at a calm and settled point in his life, hence the name of the Parshah: Vayeishev – and he settled. We learn that Yaakov, like his parents, played favorites. He showered Yosef, Rachel’s son, with a beautiful Kutonet Pasim – Coat of Many Colors. Yosef was a bit arrogant. This was manifested in his dreams that portrayed his greatness and subjugated his brothers and his parents to his power. Needless to say, no one appreciated his dreams, neither his brothers who wanted to kill him but instead threw him into an empty pit nor his father who sent Yosef back to his brothers knowing that they were angry with him (Gen. 37:10-14). Yosef is then removed from the pit, sold as a slave, and worked in the home of one of Pharaoh’s courtiers. As a slave, Yosef proved invaluable to the welfare of the Courtier’s business dealings. Yosef managed everything and the courtier profited greatly. The courtier’s wife however was a bit bored and made a pass at Yosef. Yosef put her off and then was accused of sexual harassment. Yosef was sent to prison. While in prison, Yosef helped the warden manage the prison, and the warden did well. Yosef became known for an ability to interpret dreams.

Certainly, it was a “perfect storm”, a chain of events that brought Yosef to Egypt. His brother’s hatred, his Yaakov's favoritism of Yosef, and later Yaakov's aggravation with Yosef contributed to Yosef's winding up in Egypt. The brother’s decision to sell Yosef rather than kill him and the coincidence of the caravan’s arrival all contributed to Yosef’s winding up in Egypt.  However the moment, the turning point in the narrative, that small seemingly minor detail that affected the rest of Yosef’s life was the moment that Yosef, upon instructions from his father, sought out his brother, and got lost.  Vayimtza’eihu Ish V’Hinei To’eh BaSadeh And a certain man found him and behold, he [Yosef] was wandering in the field; VaYishaleihu Ha’Ish Leimor: Mah T’Vakeish? And the man asked him, saying: What are looking for? VaYomer Et Achai Anochi Mevakeish and He [Joseph] said I seeking my brothers. Hagidah Nah Li: Eifo Haim Ro’im.  Tell me I pray, where do they feed their flocks?   VaYomer HaIsh Nasu Mi’Zeh Ki Shamati Omrim Leilcha Dotainah. And the man said they traveled from here for I heard them say ‘Let us go to Dotham. VaYeilech Yosef Achar Echav Vayimtza’eim B’Dotan. So Yosef went after his brother and found them in Dothan. (Gen. 47:15-17). Between the dysfunctional environment of home and the confrontation with his brothers (at the request of his father); exist this very brief but incredibly important conversation between Yosef and an unnamed man. How important is this conversation? Yosef’s entire future, God’s prophesy and covenant with Avraham hinges upon this conversation and Yosef finding his brothers and eventually winding up in Egypt. The turning point in the narrative of Breishit hinges upon an unnamed man giving directions to Yosef. The Talmudic Sages explain that this was not a chance passer-by but an “angel”; a divine messenger of God. 

For the Talmudic Sages, implicitly, this narrative is about God’s involvement in a person’s life.  Certainly, it is human nature to focus upon the big glaring moments: the explanation of a dream, a colorful coat, being thrown into a pit, or being sold. God’s presence or absence may appear to be obvious. For the Sages, the key to a relationship with God was being able to sense God’s presence in the smallest and seemingly innocuous moments like a moment shared with an unnamed passerby who offers directions. The key is for us to be open-minded, and open-hearted enough to see that turning point and have the courage to see where it leads. It may lead to a new opportunity, it may cause us to avoid being in the “wrong place at the wrong time”.  For the Talmudic Sages, this is never happenstance this is evidence of God’s involvement and we must learn to make ourselves aware. Part of Yosef’s growing up involves increasing his awareness of God’s presence. The same can be said for our teenage son. Part of his growing up and maturation process is an increased awareness of those small details, those easily overlooked moments that really are turning points, turning points between feeling blessed or cursed, between hopelessness and hopefulness, or between sorrow and joy.

Peace,

Rav Yitz  

The More My Brother Looks Like Me The Less I Understand (John Barlow & Bob Weir - "My Brother Esau")

 

          Well, it's official. The "Transition" formally began, and for the first time, President-Elect Biden received the PDB (the President's Daily Intelligence Briefing). Does this mean that Trump finally changed his mind about who won and who lost? Does this mean that during Thanksgiving dinner with his family, Trump decided it was time to treat the President-Elect with the same respect and offer the same access to information that he received when he was the President-Elect four very long years ago.  Does this mean that Trump graciously accepted defeat, and for the good of the country, will move on? Does this mean that he will stop sowing doubt about the integrity of the election and democratic norms and institutions? Does this mean that Trump will give a concessions speech and tell his followers to accept the result? My 18-year-old daughter living in Israel has two British roommates and when we speak with her, she will frequently take on a British accent and use British slang. Her response to these questions is rather succinct: "Not bloody likely",  My children incredulously remind me that we are talking about a 74-year-old man who never grew up, never learned how to fight fair, win graciously, and not behave like a sore loser. My eldest daughter reminded me that would deem any child that behaved like Trump has been behaving since the election as a spoiled brat. She quickly added that at least in the case of the child, there is still the possibility that the child would grow up and cease being a spoiled brat. Changing a personality, changing who we are, changing our core seems a rather daunting task. Several years ago, a book by Stephen Guise entitled Mini Habits: Smaller Habits Bigger Results appeared. Guise's theory is based upon Lao Tzu’s famous pearl of wisdom “The journey of a thousand miles begins with a small step”, and begins with the brutally realistic view of human nature. Guise explains change is predicated upon two ingredients: intention and overestimating competence. Big intentions and big ambitions are worthless if they don’t bring results. The lack of intended result harms and defeats the person and then he/she will eventually stop the process. Guise explains that one enormous obstacle is The Dunning-Kruger effect.  This is the cognitive bias that people generally overestimate their competencies. A person thinks that he is the smartest, has the biggest brain, or the nicest.  Since change is predicated on "self-control", Guise,  explains that usually, a person assumes more self-control, not less. and as a result of this unrealistic evaluation of our self-control and our lack of humility regarding strengths and weakness, we inadvertently place obstacles that contribute to our inability to change.

          This week we read from Parsha Vayishlach. We read about Yaakov and Esav’s reunion. We read about Yaakov’s daughter Dina and her unholy tryst with Shechem a member of the Hivites. We learn of what many consider to be the fanatical response on behalf of her brother Shimon and Levi. Yaakov returns to Bet El, the place where he dreamt of the ladder many years before, builds an altar, and receives the covenant from God. During that process, God changes his name from Yaakov to Yisroel. And while we read about the name change at the very beginning of the Parsha, that name change was given by another being (Gen. 32:29). Rachel dies as well as a wet nurse named Deborah. Finally, we read a list of Yaakov’s children as well as Esav’s. 

          Yaakov’s trepidation prior to his reunion with his brother stems from the one unanswered question. Has Esav really changed? Yaakov just crossed the Yabok River and is unsure as to what to expect from his brother Esav.  VaYaratz Esav Likrato VaiChabkeihu, VaYipol Al Tzavarav Vayishahkeihu Vayivku – Esav ran toward him, embraced him, fell upon his neck, and kissed him; then they wept (Gen. 33:4). At first blush, Esav appears to have forgiven his brother. Certainly, it appears that the decades have washed away Esav’s animosity towards his brother. Perhaps Esav truly changed. The plain meaning of the text suggests this. However, the text's simple meaning also appears focused upon superficial behavior, manners, social etiquette, and not upon motivation and the individual's core behaviour and instinct. Imagine not seeing someone for thirty years for fear of your life. Then as you approach; the person runs towards you. Are they a friend or foe? When you embrace, would it be out of the question to wonder if this hug felt more like an assault instead of a loving embrace? While worrying about the hug, what happens when the person falls upon your neck and kisses you on the neck? Is this a kiss of brotherly love or the proverbial “kiss of death”? Is this a “kinder and gentler” Esav, or the same Esav that has been angry since the blessing and birthright “incidents”. Perhaps all these questions justify Yaakov’s trepidation during this reunion.  

          One thing is clear, after this apparently emotional reunion, Esav wants to escort Yaakov and his family to their destination. When Yaakov politely rebuffs Esav’s offer; Esav suggests that some of his armed men should escort Yaakov and his family. Again, wary of his brother, Yaakov politely responds Lamah Zeh Why this (suggestion)? Emtzah Chein B’Einei Adoni Let me just have favor in my lord's eyes. VaYashav BaYom HaHu Eisav L’Darko Seirah So Esav started back that day on his way toward Seir. V’Yaakov Nasah Sukkotah - but Yaakov traveled to Sukkot (Gen. 33:15-17). The brothers go their separate ways. The Torah does say whether they hugged and kissed goodbye. Rather, Esav offers to take Yaakov to Seir.  Perhaps Esav thought he was being nice. Perhaps he was trying to lull Yaakov into a trap and only to wipe out Yaakov and his family later.  Yaakov understood that while his brother’s outward behavior, his social etiquette may have changed, it was more realistic to assume that at his core, big brother Esav hadn’t changed at all, For the sake of his family's future, Yaakov felt it best to keep as far away as possible. 

           Yes, social etiquette, manners, and perhaps even strategy demanded that Yaakov and Esav hug, kiss, and even weep together, Perhaps, over the course of twenty years, each had marginally softened and mellowed. Perhaps each had become more mature and better versions of themselves. Yaakov's new name Israel and his limp suggests that he is not the same scheming Yaakov that he was all those years before. He is somehow different. However, there is nothing in the Torah that suggests that Esav has acquired the ability and the skills necessary for introspection. He remains a hunter, his focus is upon his prey, not himself. At the core, each mans is who he is. So do people change? Well, it seems that change is only possible if a person is humble about personal is brutally honest with oneself and capable of introspection and humility, doesn't overestimate strengths, and acknowledges and understands his/her weaknesses. Then the person must be inclined to embrace the effort to engage in mini habits with an eye towards big results. However, if a person never put forth an effort, always received whatever they asked for, never had to contend with failure and loss, do we really expect a person to change?

Peace,

Rav Yitz

Tonight I Would Be Thankful Lord, For Any Dreams At All (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia - "Mission In The Rain")

           One of the most important days of the year growing up in my Western Upstate New York home was Thanksgiving. As a child, and later a college student, my family, grandparents, aunt, uncle, and cousin would always gather at my parents’ home. My mother would make a traditional Thanksgiving Dinner: turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes, corn muffins, coleslaw.  We would watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving day parade, take a walk or play catch with my father, and if the weather was unusually warm (more than 10 degrees) we would go play nine holes of golf. When we finally sat down to dinner, my mother insisted that we go around the table sharing the one thing that we were most thankful for in the past year. Even while living in Toronto, our children always insist on driving to their grandparents for Thanksgiving. Whether we are there for only the day or for the long weekend, our children are always thankful for sharing that time with their grandparents.  This year will be a very different Thanksgiving. Yes, we will have the same food. However, only two of our children will be with us. My parents will remain in upstate New York. My mother-in-law will remain in California. There will be no Macy’s thanksgiving day parade.  One daughter will be in Israel, and one daughter will be with a college roommate sharing Thanksgiving dinner in New Jersey (she will arrive home on Sunday).  The pandemic has forced us to adjust our Thanksgiving expectations. So in response, we will take some time prior to eating our traditional Thanksgiving feast; we will gather on Zoom, and yes, my mother will insist that we do around sharing the one thing for which we are thankful in 2020, in this year of a pandemic, in this year of so much pain and suffering for so many.

          This week we read from Parsha VaYeitze. This week we read from Parshat VaYeitze. The focus of the narrative is upon Yaakov. Yaakov will grow up before our very eyes. He will leave home. Find a girl, get married. Actually, he will have several wives. He will get a job. He will have children, he will continue to work for his father in law and take on all the trappings of raising a family and living a middle-class life. Eventually, he will grow restless enough and realize that it is time to return home to his parents, and home to his covenantal land. 

          While we learn about Yaakov, we will also learn something about his wives: Rachel and Leah, his children, and many of the family dynamics. Yaakov is ready to become a father. Sadly his beloved Rachel is unable to conceive. However, Leah is able to conceive and gives Yaakov children even if Yaakov does not love her as he loves Rachel. VaYar Hashem Ki Snuah Leah Va’Yiftach et Rachma, V’Rachel  Akara - and Hashem saw that Leah was unloved, so he opened her womb, but Rachel remained barren. (29:31) For the next three Psukim (29:32-34), we read that Leah conceives and gives birth to sons. Leah names each son in succession and offers a reason for their name. She named the first Reuven because Hashem Ra’u- saw that she was unloved compared to Rachel. She names the second Shimon because Hashem Shama - heard that she was unloved. She named the third Levi because after three sons Yaakov will become YiLVeh - attached to her. After three sons, clearly, nothing had changed. She continued to feel unloved compared to her sister, and her husband wasn’t any more attached to her because she had given birth to these three sons. However in the fourth verse, 29:34, she conceives and gives birth to a fourth son. This time something is very different. VaTahar Od Va Teiled Ben VaTomer  Ha’PaAm Odeh et Hashem Al Kein Kra’ah Shmo Yehuda V Ta’amod Miledet - Again she conceived, and bore a son, and declared, ‘This time let me gratefully praise Hashem’ therefore she called his name Yehuda (Judah) then she stopped giving birth (29:35) Yehudah received his name because Leah understood gratitude. There was no ulterior motive, no agenda. Instead, a woman gave birth and was able to appreciate the blessing she just received: a happy healthy baby. Rashi explains that Leah understood that each of the wives was supposed to bear three sons. When Leah conceived and gave birth to a fourth son, she realized that she had received more than her share. Because she received more than her fair share she could appreciate her blessing and feel gratitude. The Talmudic Sages (ChaZaL) explains that this was the first time that anyone had demonstrated any type of gratitude towards God (Brachot 7b). Certainly, God had provided blessings and miracles prior to Leah’s giving birth a fourth time. Yet, only now she is capable of gratitude?  For Leah, according to the commentaries, gratitude is a result of a sense that one has received something beyond a fair share, beyond one’s “portion”.  This attitude contradicts the Sages who teach in Ethics of the Fathers (Pirkei Avot 4:1) that a rich person is someone who is happy with their portion. Underlying the Sages' understanding of being “rich” and of being “happy” is the idea that the person has gratitude for his/her portion. 

          Leah was blessed to have not one but four sons in those four Psukim. However, she didn’t feel blessed, she didn’t feel “rich”, or “happy” until she was able to express her gratitude by naming the fourth son Yehuda. The irony wasn’t lost on her sister, Rachel. She would have been thankful to give birth to one son, let alone four. Leah needed to give birth four times before she could get past her pain, and appreciate what she did have. Indeed, there has been discomfort, and pain during this past year. Our picture of Thanksgiving, of a multigenerational family gathering together to share a meal and giving thanks, had to be altered. This year, the thankfulness is distilled into the simplest level of gratitude. We are all thankful for health, for being able to share even this moment, even if it’s remote, with our loved ones. Sometimes having gratitude for even the smallest stuff gives us a bit of perspective in terms of what is most important.

Peace,

Rav Yitz 

The More My Brother Looks Like Me The Less I Understand (John Barlow & Bob Weir- "My Brother Esau")

           With her candidate’s campaign now complete, our daughter needed a rest. When we spoke about her post-campaign plans, I suggested that a two-week quarantine with unlimited wifi, meals served, no chores, access to exercise equipment, cable television, free laundry, and a coffee maker might permit her to relax, catch up on some sleep, as well as her friends. All the while she could professionally network.  By the time her quarantine would end, she could celebrate her birthday and celebrate U.S. Thanksgiving. For our son, his eldest sister’s presence would mean that he wouldn’t be the only child home while we celebrated American Thanksgiving. So, with an opportunity to quarantine, relax, and celebrate her birthday and Thanksgiving with at least one of her siblings,  our eldest daughter arrived home. Thankfully she feels fine.  During her quarantine, our other daughters, (University of Maryland and Israel) have called the two siblings who are here in Toronto. They have had several Whatsapp group video calls. We, the parents,  love watching the four of them speak together or video chat together. As I watch them and listen, I am amazed by their similarities and their differences. I am always amazed that these four nearly adult children who grew up in the same are four different personalities and different perspectives on the world. 

          This week, we read from Parsha is Toldot. We read of the birth of Esav and Yaakov. Even though they were twins, we learn that these boys couldn’t be any more different. Esav is a hunter Ish Sadeh – a man of the field, an outdoorsman, Yaakov is Ish Tam v’Yashav b’Ohalo – a simple man who resides in his tent. Yaakov is concerned with the Birthright, receiving blessings, and the spiritual world. Esav is concerned with eating, drinking, hunting, and the physical world. We learn that just like his father who experienced a famine in the land, Yitzchak also experienced a famine in the land. Unlike his father, Yitzchak doesn’t depart from the land but rather remains there, growing wealthy. Instead, Yitzchak re-opens the wells that had gone dry in his father’s day. The narrative then re-focuses upon Yitzchak and his family. Yitzchak, sensing his imminent death, wants to bless Esav. Rivka overhears this and tells Yaakov to pose as Esav in order to receive the blessing. Yaakov listens to his mother and dresses as Esav. Yaakov receives Yitzchak’s blessing. Esav discovers that he lost out on the blessing and he threatens to kill Yaakov. The Parsha concludes with Rivka telling Jacob to go to her brother’s home. She explains to  Yitzchak that Yaakov needs to leave home in order to find a wife. Prior to his departure, Yitzchak wants to bless Yitzchak.  So, prior to his departure Yaakov receives his the blessing of the Brit, the Covenant that God made with Avraham and Yitzchak. This covenantal blessing was never intended for Esav.  Yaakov leaves home. Esav moves away as well and decides to dwell with his uncle Ishmael among the Canaanites.

Two boys grew up in the same home with the same parents and instilled with the same values, went to the same day school, participated in the same extracurricular activities, and shared the same Bar Mitzvah date. Although the parents disagreed as to who was going to be “successful”; by the end of the Parsha, it is quite clear that the blessing that Yitzchak gave Yaakov prior to Yaakov’s departure was always intended for Yaakov. So to some extent, both parents agreed as to who was the rightful inheritor of the Abrahamic Covenant. Right or wrong, the parents had definite opinions about their sons’, their abilities, and their future success.  Much of that opinion is based upon how each child responds to life’s stimuli. The Torah doesn’t really tell us much about their respective youth, Va’Yigdalu HaN’Arim, “And the boys grew up.” (Gen25: 27) R’ Levi said: At first they were like myrtle and a wild rose growing side by side. But when they grew up the former yielded to its natural fragrance, and the latter its thorns. So, for the first thirteen years, both Yaakov and Esav went to school and came home from school. But at the end of thirteen years, one went to houses of study and the other to shrines of idolatry.” (Genesis Rabbah 63:10). The Sifsei Chachamim clarifies that until their Bar Mitzvah, they were nearly identical. However, after their Bar Mitzvah, essential differences became evident. By the time they reached Bar Mitzvah, they now can begin to formulate their own opinions, develop their own attitudes, respond to their likes and dislikes. By the time the boys reach Bar Mitzvah, the parents can see a personality develop and take root. 

          As parents, we always think our perceptions of our children are the best indicators of an outcome.  However, it would appear that parents’ perceptions are not always based upon the context at the time but rather upon an ideal. From Yitzchak’s perspective Esav was a fine son, and worthy of a blessing because he meticulously fulfilled the value of Kibud Av – Respecting the father.  However, as meticulous as Esav was about that particular value, it did not make him fit for The Covenantal  Blessing. Children grow up in the same home but they respond to the stimuli differently, they have different interests, passions, and experiences outside the home which also influence, shape, and stimulate. As parents, perhaps all we can do is leave our arms, homes, and minds open to our children, praising them when they work hard at becoming the best possible version of themselves, and kvelling when they accomplish this.

Peace, 

Rav Yitz 

It Speaks Of A Life That Passes Like Dew (John Barlow & Bob Weir - "Black Throated Wind")

           With a daughter spending a gap year learning in Israel, we get phone calls at rather odd times. One of the odd times she decides to call is at the conclusion of Shabbat in Israel. Knowing that she can only leave a message, our daughter will call, inform us of her Shabbat experience. If she was spending Shabbat away from her Seminary, she will call to let us know that she is safely home. If there was important news that occurred late Friday night or on Saturday eastern standard time, she will tell us what we might have missed. Last Shabbat was no different than any other Shabbat since she has been in Israel. While we were eating Shabbat lunch here in Toronto, our daughter called and told us that Joe Biden was now the President-Elect. In our home, we were thankful and hopeful that there might be a new beginning,  as these troubling and chaotic four years draw to an inevitable conclusion. Ten minutes later, that hope, that sense of a new beginning, and new opportunity burst as our daughter called again. This time she called to tell us that Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, the former Chief Rabbi of England, passed away. The Jewish people and indeed the world lost a brilliant intellect, and an empathetic soul,  teacher of Jewish texts, and perhaps the greatest ambassador of Modern Orthodox Judaism,  western morality, ethics, and philosophy. Within ten minutes of our Shabbat lunch, there was life and death, joy and grief, light, and darkness. 

         This Shabbat is Parsha Chayei Sarah. In Chayei Sarah, life and death appear almost simultaneously.  We read of Sarah’s death in terms of life: “Sarah’s lifetime was…” (Gen23:1). Then Avraham prepares for his wife’s burial. Next, Avraham concentrates his focus upon the perpetuation of life. He sends his servant, Eliezer, to find a wife for his son. He sends his servant, Eliezer, to find a matriarch that can fill the void left by Sarah’s death. Rivkah embodied this notion of life and legacy. These qualities are inherent to her character. Rivkah offered water, a symbol of both life and Torah, to Eliezer. Then she offered water to Eliezer’s camels thereby demonstrating her menschlekite. Rivkah also possessed the ability to sustain life. She sustained Eliezer’s life by allowing him to accomplish his mission and return to Avraham with a wife for Yitzchak. She sustained her own life by having the wherewithal and the strength to leave her family, a family which our sages suggest were cutthroats and cheats (Genesis Rabbah 63:4), and join a family that made a covenant with God. Ultimately she brought sustenance and comfort to Yitzchak when they both entered his mother’s tent. 

          After Eliezer received water from this girl, we are told her name, Rivkah. Her name is indicative of her character. Her name also suggests an inherent ability to join seemingly disparate events or ideas such as life and death and make meaning from it. The Hebrew root of her name (RVK) means “join”, or “yoked together”, e.g. two oxen are joined together to pull a plow. The team must be of equal strength or the plow won’t go straight. Therefore Rivkah must be equally as strong as and independent as Yitzchak. Rivkah must be strong enough to take the memory and legacy of Sarah and make it her own. This requires a very strong sense of self.              

Rivkah fills the spiritual vacuum created by Sarah’s death. Rivka will also become  Avraham in the sense that just like God shared with Avraham the prophecy; God will share the prophecy of  Rivkah’s two sons with Rivkah (Parsha Toldot). Like Avraham, Rivka is the bridge between this family’s current state of affairs and future spiritual holiness. “And Yitzchak brought her into the tent of his mother; he married Rivkah, she became his wife, and he loved her; and thus was Yitzchak consoled after his mother.” (Gen 24:67)  The Rabbis explain that while Sarah lived a cloud of glory hung over her tent, her tent was known for hospitality, and a lamp remained alit from Shabbat to Shabbat. When Sarah died all these qualities died with her. However, when Rivkah was brought into the tent of his mother, all these qualities returned (Genesis Rabbah 60:16). Besides perpetuating life, she perpetuated the spiritual holiness necessary for joining Yitzchak in God’s covenant. Only Rivkah was able to fill the powerful memory of Sarah and still prevent herself from being overwhelmed by such a memory, joining the legacy of Sarah to her own being and her marriage to Yitzchak.  Only Rivkah was able to join the generation of Avraham and Sarah with the next generation. Fittingly, the Parshah ends as it began, with death. However, now read of Avraham’s death.  

          Rivkah took the legacy, the Middot, the qualities of the deceased, of Sarah, and (RVK)  joined those qualities, aspects, and Middot to her life. She accomplished this monumental task when she and her husband Yitzchak entered his mother’s tent and she brought him comfort. At that moment Rivkah managed to demonstrate life and death can converge, that joy and sorrow can be linked, that past and present can intersect resulting in something spiritually powerful as opposed to spiritually debilitating.

Peace,

Rav Yitz

All The Endless Ruins Of The Past Must Stay Behind (Jerry Garcia - "The Cream Puff War")

           This week seems to have lasted much longer than seven days. From Tuesday until Friday, we have had the news listening to and watching the results of the U.S. elections. Yes, as citizens, we had a vested interest. We all voted. Having a daughter run a campaign for a congressional seat in Texas also gave us a personal interest in the outcome. As we watched, it became clear that the U.S. is horribly divided. One political talking head commented that there really are two nations that are south of the Canadian border. It seems that these “two Americas” have nothing in common except for one thing. Both are full of fear. One America is scared of the future, scared of the changing demography, scared that the current alienation that they sense will grow worse. This America perceives that their world was better in 1955 than it could ever be in 2025. The other America fears the present. They fear Covid19, they fear systemic racism, they fear the continued erosion of democratic institutions and America’s values. They look towards the future with hope, possibility, the see the future as aspirational, as a means to “build a more perfect union.”

          This Shabbat we read from Parsha VaYeira. The narrative and adventures of Avraham the Patriarch continue. While healing from his ritual circumcision, he fulfills the mitzvah of Hachnasat Orchim, hospitality. He negotiates with God and reduces the number of righteous people that must be found in Sodom and Gomorrah in order to prevent its destruction. The narrative of Avraham is interrupted as we read the narrative of Lot, the two Angels (the same two that had visited Avraham at the beginning of the Parsha), the destruction of the city, and the impure relationship that results when the survivors think that world has been destroyed. The narrative returns to Avraham as its focus and he and his wife Sarah give birth to a son (Yitzchak), the banishment of Hagar and Ishmael (Avraham’s firstborn son and his concubine) and the final test of his belief, the Akeidat Yitzchak – the Offering of Isaac. 

          During these adventures, during these tests, it is fascinating to watch Avraham deal with each new issue, each new tension, and arrive at solutions. Avraham always looks forward. Avraham looked forward, he looked towards the horizon towards Sodom and Gomorrah while God talked to Avraham about his intention to destroy those cities. When he is commanded to banish Hagar and Ishmael, Avraham looks forward. He looked towards the horizon, in the direction they were heading, and provided them food and water in order to survive the journey. When asked to sacrifice his son, Isaac, Avraham doesn’t look back, he looks forward, towards the mountain where the sacrifice will supposedly occur. Compare this with Lot and his family (Gen 19:12-26). Three times the angels tell Lot that he and his family must leave. First, Lot tells his children to leave, although there is no indication that Lot and his wife intent to go. The second time, the two angels lead Lot, his wife, and children out, but Lot still can’t just leave! VaYitmama – still he lingered (Gen 19:16). Even when God’s messengers grab Lot, his wife, and his daughters by the hands and led them out of the city VaYomer Himaleit Al Nafshecha Al Tabit Acharecha v’Al Taamod B’Chol HaKikar Hahara Himaleit pen Tisafeh- Flee for your life! Do not look behind you nor stop anywhere in all the plain; flee to the mount lest you be swept away (Gen 19:17). Lot can’t just move on. He stays to stay and negotiate, figuring he can flee to a nearby city.  Finally, they begin making their way towards the alternative destination VeTabeit Ishto M’Acharav Vathi  Ntziv Melach  But His wife looked back and she became a pillar of salt (Gen. 19:26) Ramban explains that she looked back to make sure her daughters were following. What parent would flee and have the children (little or young adult) behind them? A parent would either have the children in front of them or be holding their hand while fleeing. So what other reason was there to turn around. Like her husband, who had such a difficult time moving forward, Lot’s wife wants to turn around one last time in order to see life and the world she was leaving. She was merely emulating Lot. However, she did it “one more time”. From the Angels’ perspective, enough was enough. 

          Sometimes moving forward can be very difficult. Fear of the future, fear of the unknown can be overwhelming. Sometimes there is comfort looking back towards the past. However, one must avoid being enslaved by the past or romanticize the past to the point where the past is only a myth. Doing so endangers an individual’s welfare and it endangers a nation’s welfare. For Lot’s wife, that simple glance over her shoulder symbolized not only a lack of faith in the future, it symbolized her preference for the perceived idealized life that she was leaving behind. A nation struggles with itself, nearly half looking back at a past built upon myth, not fact, fearful of the horizon fearful of a future.  Elections are very similar to  Lot’s wife. Some vote in elections looking towards the horizon with hope and anticipation of a better possibility, and some vote in elections fearful of the future and prefer the life of a bygone time. Eventually, however, we know that time continues to move forward.  

Peace,

Rav Yitz

Walk Out Of Any Doorway; Feel Your Way Like The Day Before (Robert Hunter & Phil Lesh "Box of Rain")

            I just spent two weeks in quarantine, after I drove my twenty-year-old daughter to the University of Maryland. While down in my basement, reading books, working out on my elliptical machine, and watching the news as well as assorted Netflix movies, my daughters knew that I was always home and available for them. In the late mornings, our eighteen-year-old daughter would Whatsapp video call me from Israel. She would tell me about her classes her voice filled with excitement her face full of enthusiasm. Later on, in the early part of the afternoon, I would receive a WhatsApp message or video call from our twenty-year-old. If it was a video call, invariably she would be walking across the campus, coming from a class, her physical therapy session, or a store. Always wearing a mask, her voice too was filled with excitement to be on a big-time college campus, excited to be living in an apartment and thankful for schlepping her down to the University of Maryland. Later in the evening, I would send a message to our eldest daughter. I know that she is incredibly busy trying to get her candidate elected to the United States Congress. Usually, she would respond on a video call as well, prefacing our call by informing me that she only has a few minutes to spare because she is so busy. The campaign will be done next week. Although she looks so tired that I worry about her, her voice is also filled with excitement and passion, her face resolute as she guides a campaign to its ultimate goal.  

          This week's Parsha is Lech Lecha. In it, God commands Abram to leave his father, his homeland, and everything he has ever known, and go towards a place that God will show him later. Abram does. He heads down towards Egypt because of a famine. Eventually, Abram leaves Egypt with money, flocks, servants, and wealth. Lot, Abram's nephew, and Abram decide to part ways since each their respective flocks not only become intermingled but their hired hands fight among each other. Abram then fights against several kings in an attempt to protect Lot. Then his wife Sarai, who is barren, tells Abram to make Hagar (the maidservant) the surrogate mother. Abram listens and Hagar has a son named Ishmael. She runs away and then returns. God tells Abram a prophecy. Abram will become the father of a great nation, and that nation will become enslaved for several centuries and then will return to the land that God promised Abram. Then God instructs Abram to circumcise himself, his son Ishmael and all the males of his household. All these events are linked together by the theme of "Lech Lecha" of going, of traveling.

            The Zohar, the rabbinic book of mysticism, comments upon the first verse "Lech Lecha Mei'Artzecha uMimoladtcha, U'mibeit Avicha El Ha'Aretz Acher Areka- Go for yourself from your land, from your relatives, and from your father's house to the land that I will show you (Gen 12:1). Instead of a physical journey, the Zohar explains that Abram was commanded to embark upon a spiritual journey. The soul, while residing in the World to Come, exists in close or proximity to God. Because of the spiritual clarity and intensity revealed there, no free will and no chance for spiritual growth and advancement can occur. Like the angels, the soul in the World to Come is called an Omaid, a standee. In this World, however, we know that a person has Free Will. This means that we all have the opportunity to advance spiritually as long as we remain in this World. The soul in this world is called a Holiach, a walker, someone who goes, much like Abram went.

            Like Abram, we are all commanded to Lech Lecha. Abram walked and traveled, and so did Lot. Yet Abram epitomized the individual who retained his integrity and ideals despite the difficulties of life, and despite the growing cynicism brought on by age. Abram managed to remember that God is the end and everything else is merely a means to that end. However, all the wealth and all the prosperity are not ends in and of itself. Our daughters have left home,  They are making their way. They may have left home but not the value with which they have been raised. They may have left home, but they brought with them the lessons they have learned and applied it to their lives, their studies, and their jobs. They may have left home but wherever they are and whatever they do, they do so with the passion and joy that can only exist when they choose their respective paths. I only hope our son demonstrates the same passion and joy in whatever path he chooses.

Peace,

Rav Yitz 

It's Got No Signs Or Dividing Lines And Very Few Rules To Guide (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia - "New Speedway Boogie")

           Last week, I drove our twenty-year-old daughter to the University of Maryland. Along the way, we stopped to see my parents. We pulled into the driveway, just like I had done hundreds of times before. Because the weather was nice, my father was standing outside watching us pull up, just as he had done hundreds of times before. We stepped out of the car and then everything was different. This was the first time we had seen them in nine months. We put on a mask. Rather than walking into the house, my daughter and I walked around to the backyard and stepped onto their porch. With masks on, we sat down about 10 feet apart. We didn’t hug, we didn’t kiss. We looked at each other, we spoke. On one hand, the conversation that my daughter and I had with my parents was similar to the hundreds of conversations that I have had with them since I became a parent. There was a reassuring order to the conversation. However because of the masks, and the social distancing we were reminded of the chaos in which we live. For the next 7 hours, we drove through some of the most beautiful autumn foliage imaginable. Indeed I was reminded of the order of the season. I was driving to a University campus in the fall. Normally, I would be driving in order to visit my daughter at Univerity. Now however I was dropping her off. Normally when I drop my daughter off at school, we unload the car, bring her stuff to her room, go to the store and pick up some essentials and take her out for a meal. I was reminded just how far removed from normal we are instead being near chaos. We arrived at her apartment building, her friends met us with masks on.  We put our masks on and then I unloaded the car, brought her stuff into the lobby, walked outside with my daughter. We took off our masks and then I  hugged her and kissed her goodbye.

          This Shabbat, we read from Parshat Noach. Comprised of two distinct narratives; both deal with the theology of chaos and confused boundaries. First, we read the story of  Noach, God’s disenchantment with Creation and mankind’s behavior, the instructions for building Teva (the Ark), the Flood as punishment for mankind’s unethical behavior, the covenant made between God and Noach and the resulting offering to God, and then an odd story about Noach’s drunkenness and one’s sons inappropriate behavior. The second distinct narrative is also about chaos and confused boundaries. This time mankind confuses boundaries and trying to build a tower up to the heavens. The result is that God scatters mankind across the earth by making mankind speak numerous languages and making communication difficult.

          While both narratives can conceivably stand alone. Yet both narratives are related. As manifested in the previous Parsha, God is a God of creation and order.  For God to destroy, Order must be removed and Chaos must become introduced and entrenched.  Meivi et HaMabul Mayim AL HaAretz L’Shacheit Kol Basar Asher Bo Ruach Chayim Mitachat HaShamayim Kol Asher Ba’Aretz Yigvah – I will bring the flood of waters upon the earth to destroy all flesh, in which is the breath of life from under heaven, and everything that is on earth shall die. Certainly, there must be other kinds of floods besides water, otherwise, we do not need to be told that this particular flood is one that involves water. The message is that God will punish creation by instituting chaos for a period of time. Later in Chapter 11, as mankind begins building a tower up to heaven God becomes disappointed again. Vayomer Adoshem  Hain Am Echad V’Safah Achat L’Chulam V’zeh Hachilam La’Asot V’aAtah Lo Yibatzeir Mei’hem Kol Asher Yazmu La’Asot – Behold the people is one, and they have all one language, and this they begin to do, and now nothing will be withheld from them which they have schemed to do. Hava Neirdah V’Navlah Sham Sfatam Sher lo Yishmu Ish Sfat Rei’eihu – Come let us go down and there confound their language, that they may not understand on another’s speech. Instead of the flood of water, God created the flood of language. Instead of confused and blurred boundaries of heaven and earth, God created a confusion of cacophony.

          The flood of chaos and the struggle to handle chaos is part of our human condition. The first narrative, the Noach narrative, teaches that chaos is now part of creation and in a sense a type of punishment. The second narrative, the Tower of Bavel, teaches us that chaos is part of everyday human life. It is part of our task as human beings as we struggle to elevate ourselves from the animal aspect of our existence to the spiritual aspect of our existence that we create order from chaos. To do so is a Godly endeavor. To do so allows us to transcend the physical world. In any case, my departure was hurried and chaotic. In a matter of minutes, I was on my way driving north from Maryland heading back to Toronto facing two weeks of quarantine, two weeks of altering family responsibilities and schedules. In a sense, I drove back north facing two weeks of a different sort of chaos.

Peace, 

Rav Yitz 

If Mercy's In Business, I Wish It For You (Robert Hunter & Mickey Hart- "Fire On The Mountain")

           A not so new term has, once again, regained popularity this week during the Senate confirmation hearings of Amy Coney Barrett to replace the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg on the U.S. Supreme court.  This "not so new term" was ascribed to the late Justice Scalia and now it is used to describe his disciple. The term is “originalism”. The term describes a legal philosophy for interpreting the Constitution and law. Originalism looks at the intention of the ‘Founding Father” while writing the Constitution. In this school of thought, no legal decision would be rendered without a painstaking assessment of “original intention”. You know what’s so interesting about the “Founding Fathers”, and the basis of their  “original intention”, the foundations of their “moral code”, and their education? As Christians, they were all familiar with the New Testament. However, they also understood The Old Testament, Torah,  Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings)-TaNaCh. Many could read the Torah in its “original” Hebrew. As I watched and listened, I couldn't help but think that for the past six weeks, the Jewish People have been dealing with God as a Judge. As we marked the conclusion of the Jewish Holidays, we were keenly aware that the Jewish People begin another cycle of Torah reading.  Right there in the story of Creation, we learn the two fundamental qualities that a Judge must possess in order to judge.  For all those “originalists”, I suggest that they read the comment by Rashi (the great 11th century French commentator) on the two terms that refers to God. In Chapter One the Torah refers to God as “Elokim” -God's Judging aspect and in Chapter Two the Torah refers to God as  Hashem (Yod Keh Vav Key) -God Merciful aspect. 

          This week’s Parsha is Breishit. It is the first Parsha of the first Book of the Torah. For all intents and purposes, it is the beginning of the Torah. In Breishit, we read the story of Creation, (The Beginning); Adam and Chava’s banishment from Paradise (Gan Eden), and the fratricide of Cain and Abel. We begin however with God. God is the Creator, the ultimate power. If knowledge is power, then God is the ultimate source of knowledge. We accept this as part of our Jewish theology. God is all-knowing and all-powerful. We read the words: V’yivrah Elohim et Ha’Adam b’Tzalmo, B’Tzelem Elohim Barah Oto Zachar u’Nekeivah Barah Otam. “And God created man in His own image. In the image of God, He created him; male and female He created them. (1:27). The question, therefore, is: What is the image of God? Obviously part of that image is the power to create, the power to create life. We surmise this because, in the next verse, God commands Adam and Chava to be fruitful and multiply, to create life just like God had created. Another image of God is Power. God’s purpose in creating humanity was that they “should have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air and over the cattle, and overall the earth…” (1:26) In today’s vernacular “dominion” is Power. However the ability to create, and the ability to exercise power sagaciously, and judiciously, requires IQ and EQ – intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence. Perhaps that is our greatest gift. We have the ability to learn, to reason, to discern between right and wrong. We also have the ability to empathize.  Exercising both allows us to expresses our Holiness and demonstrate that we are created in God’s image.

In the Babylonian Talmudic tractate entitled Chagigah (14b), there is an Aggadah, a legend, which illustrates the notion that attaining knowledge and understanding how to attain knowledge is a holy endeavor. Four of the leading sages of their generation entered PaRDes (literally the “orchard” or Paradise). They were Ben Assai, Ben Zoma, Elisha ben Abuyah, and Rabbi Akiva. They entered PaRDeS and came into contact with pure power, pure knowledge, and complete perfection. They came into contact with God. As a result, one sage died immediately. One sage went insane, one became a heretic, and was referred to as Acher (the other), by the rest of the Talmudic Sages. Only Rabbi Akiva emerged unscathed. The commentators of this Aggadah explain that PaRDeS is an acronym for four methods of Torah inquiry: P’shat (the simple literal meaning), Remez (understanding the meaning based upon hint and intimation), Drash (derive meaning based upon interpretation), and Sod( deriving meaning based upon uncovering secret meanings). Imagine that? Our tradition explains that Paradise is achieved through Torah study and deriving meaning in four different ways. Relying on any one way will limit intellectual and spiritual growth. However incorporating each aspect, and understanding when to utilize one more than the other or how much of each aspect to use in order to determine meaning is what allowed Rabbi Akiva to leave PaRDeS unscathed. In a sense our sages are absolutely correct, PaRDeS is studying Torah for the sake of intellectual and emotional growth and enlightenment so that one can judge and empathize. 

          The attainment of knowledge and Truth is a Godly endeavor. The use of such knowledge judiciously, wisely, and empathetically for creative purposes represents the notion that we are indeed created in God’s image. Not only is knowledge power, but understanding how to attain and use that knowledge and empathy is the key to a spiritually enlightened life. Certainly, Judge Barrett has a deep sense of the importance of a spiritually meaningful life. No, I don’t expect Judge Barret to read her translation of the “Original” Torah the same way as I do. However, I think of myself as a bit of an Originalist. However, like the Rabbinic tradition I come from, The Talmudic Sages understood that the beauty of “Originalism” was based upon rules of interpretation and for the text and law to remain cerebral, and a living organism that remains meaningful, then perhaps she ought to rethink the understanding of “originalism”.  But what do I know, I’m just a Rabbi.

Peace,

Rav Yitz

The A B C's, We All Must Face, And Try To Keep A Little Grace (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia - "Touch of Grey")

           This has been a very different sort of High Holiday Season. The Pandemic and its anticipated second wave have forced Jews to make some necessary modifications in the way in which they observe and celebrate Sukkot. Normally, during the week of Sukkot, Shuls will build a large communal sukkah so people can eat in it as well as to conduct all kinds of social and educational programs. Not this year. In order to have guests, an acquaintance of ours divided his sukkah with plexiglass and two separate tables and chairs in order to have guests. However, for the most part, the only guests that many will have had in their Sukkah would have been the Ushpizin, the seven mystical guests that appear day: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joseph, David,  This lack of guests, has been most difficult on my wife since she is is so incredibly social. One solution that we happened to have fallen into occurred earlier in the summer when some of the restrictions began to loosen. Every Shabbat, before or after lunch, my wife and I would catch up with two other couples. The patios and decks would rotate from Shabbat to Shabbat, yet the three couples would sit, shmooze, have a nosh and remain very socially distant. Under normal circumstances, we would have had these two couples spend time with us in the Sukkah. Ironically, we have to have these “socially distant” social calls outside of the sukkah.  

          Beginning on Friday Night and continuing this morning and until the sun sets on this Shabbat, we celebrate the Festival known as Shemini Atzeret. Shemini Atzeret immediately follows the Sukkot Festival. Sukkot technically concluded on Friday. The last day of Sukkot is known as Hoshana Rabba. It represents the very last opportunity to engage in the Tshuva of the High Holidays before the gates for this year close. The week-long celebration of Sukkot has concluded and we now have a day to recuperate, to talk about the party, to talk about the ceremony, to talk about the sermons, eat a little, and laugh a little. The Haftorah for Shemini Atzeret is from Kings I Chapter 8. Solomon, the son of King David, has assumed the throne. He finished building the Beit HaMikdash, The First Holy Temple in Jerusalem. Now that it is finished, he consecrates the building by holding a weeklong celebration that coincides with the Sukkot Holiday and pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The Rabbis chose this particular Haftorah as appropriate for Shemini Atzeret because of the last verse of the Haftorah. Bayom HaSHmini Shilach et Ha’Am Vayivarchu et Hamelech Va’Yeilchu L’Ahaleihem Smeichim V’Tovei Leiv Al Kol Tovah Asher Asah Adoshem L’David Avdo U’LeYisrael Amo – Then on the eighth day, he (King Solomon) dismissed them and they blessed the king and went to their tents rejoicing and contented because of all the good that the Eternal had done for David, God’s servant, and Israel God’s people.

          Solomon’s words are also found in Sefer Kohelet, Ecclesiastes. Normally, we would read Sefer Kohelet during the Intermediate Sabbath of Sukkot. However this year, there is no intermediate Sabbath. Therefore Kohelet is read on this Shabbat. Many consider Solomon’s wisdom as transmitted in Kohelet to be a rather bleak and offer a rather stark outlook:  Ein Kol Chadash Tachat HaShamesh - There is nothing new beneath the sun. However, there is wisdom in these words given the context of living during these trying times. Taking a  wide sweep of human history, Kohelet is probably right, ‘there really is nothing new under the sun.” There have been pandemics and epidemics before. There has been a rise in Fascism and authoritarianism before. There have been those who found comfort in the darkness of conspiracy and those who have been warmed by the light of truth. There have been those who have learned and transmitted their wisdom and there are those who are unable or unwilling to learn.  I suppose it just appears that the “new “ is just for those who aren’t old enough to remember the last time or haven’t studied the past. Yet even under these circumstances, there are moments of grace and blessing. 

          The Jewish Holiday Season, the Chagim are drawing to a close. Certainly, celebrating the Chagim has required a bit of ingenuity and, as a result, has certainly been novel. The joy of ushering in a New Year as well as the trepidation associated with Yom HaDin – Day of Judgment have been tempered with the novelty of blowing Shofar during a Pandemic.  We have experienced the hope that the New Year, with its opportunity as well as its renewed commitment will be a year of possibility. Ten days later we experienced the intense spirituality of Yom Kippur when, for twenty-five hours, we focus entirely on our spiritual beings and ignore our physical beings. For twenty-five hours we spend praying, contemplating, and existing in the realm of the angels and God. Yet, due to a Pandemic, the object was to be as brief as possible and only be in shul for as little as possible.  Three days later, we celebrate our Thanksgiving; we celebrate Sukkot. We celebrate our Zman Simchateinu – Time of our Happiness – by offering our thanks to God. We thank God for the Harvest, for the fact that we arrived at this time in the Sukkah with Lulav and Etrog. We celebrate our joy with the opportunity to commune with God in such a special place like the Sukkah. Mostly, we are thankful for whatever blessings we are able to realize during this incredibly difficult time.

May we all have the insight to find it in our hearts to sense our blessing and be thankful as we continue to live through this pandemic. 

Peace,

Rav Yit

Learn To Speak, Speak With Wisdom Like A Child (Robert Hunter & Jerry Garcia - "Foolish Heart")

          For the past six weeks,, our twenty-year-old daughter has endured physiotherapy for her July ACL knee surgery. To her credit, she has been incredibly dedicated throughout her knee rehabilitation. So several times a week, I drive her. I bring her there, take a walk, pick her up, and drive her back home. We get to talk a lot about the surgery, the actual rehab, the exercises, her experience, frustration with the healing process, and a host of other things, including Covid 19, when she will head to Maryland for university and politics. After we return home, we take a short walk and practice what she was doing in physio. I show her a technique for a certain motion with her knee or her hip and she watches and listens. Then she follows my instruction and asks, “How did you know to do that? You aren’t a physiotherapist.” No, I am no physiotherapist,  but I have had enough leg injuries and gone through enough physio, that I learned through experience. So, I smiled and explained to my daughter, that I have learned a few things based upon my own experiences.

          This week we read from Parsha Ki Tavo. The Parsha begins with Moshe explaining the laws that are specific to B'nai Yisroel’s entry into the Land.  He reminds them of the laws of first fruits, and tithing.  Moshe reminds them that there is a powerful link between God, B'nai Yisroel, and the Land. Each needs the other.  Moshe then describes the ritual specific to this generation that will symbolize their acceptance of the Torah and the covenant.  As they cross the Jordan River, they would inscribe two stones with Kol Divrei HaTorah HaZot BaEir Heiteiv – You shall inscribe on the stones all the words of this Torah well clarified.” Then the stones would be covered with plaster in order to protect the inscriptions. Moshe then reminds B'nai Yisroel that they are now an Am Yisroel– a Nation and no longer B’nai Yisroel – Children of Yisroel.  With that change of status comes responsibility, and Moshe lists the blessings and the curses that will result depending upon Am Yisroel’s behavior.  Moshe concludes his passionate plea to fulfill the covenant by giving Am Yisroel a brief history lesson. He reminds them that they left Egypt and saw all the signs and wonders (they didn’t, rather their parents and grandparents experience the Exodus and witnessed the plagues). Moshe reminds them that he let them for Forty years, and they didn’t eat bread nor drink wine, rather they experienced the miracle of the Manna. He reminds them of battles they fought and won and finally he reminded them they were ready to begin their new lives in the land. 

          Moshe also reminds them that if they listen, they will be blessed. If they fail to listen and fail to live up the covenant, then they will be cursed and sent into exile. V’Haya Im Shamoah Tishmah B’Kol Adoshem Elokecha - It shall be that if you hearken (surely listen/obey) the voice of Hashem, your God, - Lishmor et Kol Mitzvotav Asher Anochi Mtzavcha Hayom - to observe, to perform all His commandments that I command you this day, Untancha Adoshem Elokecha Elyon Al Kol Goyei Ha’Aretz - then Hashem, your God, will make you supreme over all the nations of the earth. (Deut. 28:1)  Rashi explains that the force of this emphatic doubling of the verb ShaMA-listen. “If you take it upon yourselves, it will become easy for you, since it is only the beginning that is hard.” Rashi, and the Talmud Sages before him,  offers a psychological truth about observance and about anything new for that matter. At first, the action may prove daunting and perhaps even overwhelming. However, as the action is repeated, it becomes easier and easier and almost second nature. Rambam (Maimonides) commented that “the more man is drawn after the paths of wisdom and justice, the more he longs for them and desires them (Code, Teshuva 6:4) However it is not enough to listen, but rather one must listen emphatically, that is, internalize what has been listened to and then used.

Whether it is observing Mitzvot or just listening to "Dear Old Dad", our daughter learned this most valuable lesson. She can whine, and mope, but if she just listens to me, her life will actually be OK,  Of course, like B’nai Yisroel, it is all predicated on listening, observing, and then consciously acknowledging that it actually works.  Sometimes,  learning from another person's experience can be an incredibly useful means of education, and managing life. Well, good luck with that!

Peace,

Rav Yitz 

I Guess They Can't Revoke Your Soul For Trying; Get Out Of The Door, Light Out And Look All Around (Robert Hunter, Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir & Phil Lesh - "Trucking")

           Like parents of many 18-year-old children here in North America, we said “good-bye” to our 18- year old daughter as she left for her gap year in Israel.  The airport was almost like a ghost town, only one parent could walk inside with her (mommy insisted on walking in). As a result, her siblings and I had to say our goodbye’s curbside. As she and I took a minute, I explained to our daughter that a fundamental change is occurring. She will now have two homes, a home where her parents live and that she will either frequently or infrequently visit, and home is where she lives her life. I reminded her, that the home where her parents are, is open 24/7, it is open for shelter, refuge, re-charging as well as reminding her of her values, her roots, and a sanctuary. Through our tears I reminded her that this is what we, her parents, signed up for:, raise, feed, clothe, educate, and instill values, morals, and life lessons as possible in order to diminish the risk when they do leave. Indeed a child’s leaving is inevitable. I looked into my daughter’s big blue eyes and reassured her that she is ready to leave, to embark on her journey,  confront life and live life without mommy and daddy involved on a daily basis.

          This week's Torah portion is Ki Teitzei. Moshe continues with listing laws such as: rights of the firstborn for an inheritance, the wayward rebellious son, lost and found property, sending a mother bird from the nest when procuring the egg from the nest, tzitzit, false accusations, forbidden marriages, charging interest, divorce, workers’ rights to timely payment, honesty in weights and measures and remembering Amalek. That is just to name a few. All these laws reflect one extremely relevant idea. Judaism is not just a ritualized religion that takes on import three times a year, or only at life cycle events. Judaism is a way of life. 

          Anything, any idea that is considered to be a “way of life” must be relevant in two places, in the home (a sanctuary) and outside the home where life is much less ideal than the home/sanctuary. Certainly, we can read the first verse as Moshe’s instructions regarding the appropriate manner to behave while fighting a war.  Ki Teitzeh LaMilchama Al Oyvecha UnTano Adoshem Elokecha B’Yadecha  - When you will go out to war against your enemies, and Hashem, your God will deliver him [your enemies] into your hand (Deut. 10:11). Yes, Moshe’s presentation of these laws suggests that there is an inevitability about going out to wage war. Rashi clarifies by explaining that this B’Milchemet HaRashut-an optional war. The sages explained that biblically speaking, an “optional war” is any war other than a war of the conquest of the Land of Canaan and the war against Amalek. Those wars are not optional but rather the fulfillment of a direct commandment. According to Sforno (the great Italian Renaissance commentator), “an optional” war is any war outside Israel or a political war.” Sforno’s comment is fascinating because it forces us to understand Moshe’s statement about Ki Tetzei La Milchama from a figurative and perhaps even a spiritual dimension. Moshe is speaking to “you” in the singular, “you” the individual. The Torah never said that he was addressing only the army. Each and every one of “you” wages a war of Reshut, an optional war. The individual “You” wages war against inner demons, against peer pressure, against that which is convenient and easy. “You” the individual wages a war against the monotony of routine. One thing is for certain, from Moshe’s perspective, war is waged upon Ki Teitzeh upon “going out”, leaving the “friendly confines”, leaving the “nest”, leaving the warmth and safety of the home and a sanctuary.

          Reading Ki Teitzeh in a figurative manner, gave new meaning to our daughter’s leaving for Israel. Yes, I am her father and yes, I am protective.  Yes, she departed with her own coat of armor: face mask, face shield, hand sanitizer, gloves, and Lysol wipes. However, I know that protecting her means that her mother and I accept the inevitability of her leaving and it is our job to give her the tools, the “weapons” so to speak, in order to deal with life, people, and her own insecurities and anxieties. So when I hugged my daughter goodbye, and when I blessed her through my tearing eyes, I also reminded her that she was ready for this and I lovingly reminded her code, her way of life is applicable not only to our home, the home she was raised in, but the home that she will be making for herself.

Peace,

Rav Yitz

The Black Throated Wind Keeps On Pouring In With Its Words Of A Life Where Nothing Is New Ah, Mother American Night, I'm Lost From The Light (John Barlow & Bob Weir- "Black Throated Wind")

           Three ongoing activities have dominated our home this past week. During the day, we take one daughter for her physiotherapy as she rehabs her surgically repaired knee.  We help our youngest daughter get packed and prepared for her gap year in Israel. She leaves next week. After dinner, I sit down and turn on the Democratic National Convention and text with my eldest daughter, a Democratic campaign manager. As I listened to some of the “big names” speak, three of whom my daughter has worked for: Hillary Clinton, Senator Warren, and President Obama, I was struck by a theme that each alluded to and President Obama so eloquently and explicitly pointed out. Speaking from Philadelphia, from the site where the U.S. Constitution was signed, the former president reminded us that the President’s job is to defend the constitution. In order to do that, the President must appreciate the sanctity of the Constitution’s words. the President must understand the meaning of those words. The President must acknowledge that those words are applicable to every American citizen no matter color, gender, religion, voting preference, or ethnic background.  President Obama reminded viewers that the oath of the President is serious, the office weighs heavy and should not be taken lightly nor cavalierly. From President Obama’s perspective, it appeared that the words of the Constitution must be held close to the President’s heart in order for him/her to have the character to fulfill its words.

          This week’s Parsha is Shoftim. Moshe has completed his lecture on the values of monotheism and covenant. Now he begins telling B'nai Yisroel all the nitty-gritty details of living a Jewish life within this community. What a downer! B’nai Yisroel is inspired and ready to enter into Eretz Canaan and begin living the life in the land that God had promised their ancestors. They are now ready to begin fulfilling the dream that allowed them to survive centuries of slavery. So what does Moshe Rabeinu do? He brings them crashing back to reality. Now they will listen and understand laws concerning war, punishments for idolatry, choosing a king, jurisprudence, priestly entitlements, and unsolved murders. Moshe gives B’nai Yisroel a healthy dose of reality by supplying all the details required to uphold the Covenant.

          One of these laws is rather curious yet serves as a reminder of how important it is to maintain a balance between dreams and reality, between the idealism of our youth and the cynicism of age. V’Hayah Ch’shivto Al Kisei Mamlachto V’Chatav Lo Et Mishnei HaTorah Hazot – And it shall be when he sits on the throne of his kingdom, he shall write for himself two copies of this Torah in a book… V’Haitah Imo V’Kara Vo Kol Yemei Chayav Lema’an Yilmad L’yirah et Adonai Elohav – It shall be with him and he shall read from it all the days of his life, so that he will learn to fear the Lord his God, Lishmor et Kol Divrei HaTorah Ha’Zot V’Et HaChukim Ha’Eilah La’Asotam – to observe all the words of this Torah and these decrees, to perform them so that his heart does not become haughty over his brethren and not turn from the commandment right or left so that he will prolong years over his kingdom, he and his sons amid Israel (Deut. 18:18-20). The king must write and maintain two Sifrei Torah. The “personal” Torah must be carried with him wherever he goes: meetings, wars, benefit dinners, etc. The Torah must always remain physically near his heart. However, the second Sefer Torah sits in the treasure room as a pristine copy, as a benchmark. This “benchmark” Torah remains enclosed, protected, and untouched. The king may consult it, but this pristine copy never leaves the sanctuary. How brilliant! The “personal” Torah that is carried around eventually becomes worn, the letters fade, and the parchment may even tear. This would most likely occur unbeknownst to the king. Yearly, the king must lay his “personal” Torah besides the “benchmark” Torah. There, in the inner chamber, the two Torahs are checked against each other. Then if there are any discrepancies in the “Personal” Torah, the king must make the necessary corrections. The king’s “personal” Torah must reflect the purest and highest standard. Through daily wear and tear, through the compromises necessary to manage a kingdom, the king must regularly check to make sure that he has not gradually drifted away from the “Pristine” or “Benchmark” Torah.

          This is the ultimate form of personal “Checks and Balances”. Instead of living a life based upon “how much can I get away with”, “What am I entitled to”, “how can I enrich myself”, Judaism reminds the leader that there is a code by which life must be lived.  Judaism understands that we all make compromises. Sometimes we may even, unfortunately, compromise our integrity our values, and our own sense of propriety. Sometimes our drift from the ideal is not even that pernicious. Sometimes we just slowdown or get sidetracked. However, Judaism is about behavior that expresses our relationship with each other and with God. Like a king that needs to periodically check the “personal Torah” against the “Benchmark Torah”, we also must check our “Personal Torah” against the “Benchmark Torah”. Certainly, the process may be uncomfortable, and yes, there is the danger of becoming so self-absorbed that we become paralyzed. The process occurs on a regular enough basis that we don’t become too paralyzed that we can’t function. However, what is so empowering is that this “personal Torah” is not confined to the King. In this regard, we are all kings, we are all royalty. We are all better off making sure that our “personal Torah”, the one we carry with us wherever we go matches up with Torah, the Torah that we learn from, the Torah that we read upon Shabbat and Holidays. As we have just started the month of Elul, this notion of self-reflection is even more important. Yet as former President Obama explained, a successful President keeps the Constitution’s words close and every decision must be based upon defending and living by those words. It requires self-reflection, honesty, integrity, and moral character. Funny, these are the same qualities that we try to instill in our children.

Peace

Rav Yitz